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Supplementary Material:
Bottle Cells
Bottle Cells
Bottle cells appear at time of neurulation
Change in shape of epithelial to bottle cell is believed
to be one of driving forces for event
Cytoskeletal changes lead to bottle cell shape
Microfilaments (F-actin) at apex
Microtubules down long axis of cell
F-Actin (Microfilaments)
Long polymers of G-actin
Appear like two twisted strands of pearls
Contractile filaments
Bind to cell membrane and affect cell shape
Work with myosin for contraction
Cytochalasins (B, C, D) inhibit F-actin formation &
thus their function
Use these drugs to study their functions
Microtubules
Polymers of tubulin
Pipe-like morphology
Long & fairly straight
Act as relatively rigid structures defining cell shape
Also act as "tracks" for movement of cytoplasmic contents
Inhibited by Colchicine
Stabilized by Taxol
Cytoskeleton of Bottle Cells &
Neurulation
Inhibition of either F-Actin or microtubules inhibits
neurulation
F-Actin acts like purse strings to pull apex of cell
Microtubules elongate cell to give it polarity for movement
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